The History of English

UNIT 10-NARRATIVE 2

This essay will be concerned with the development of the English language from the earliest attestations until today, and also considered the background to the language before the settlement of England by Germanic tribes. English can be subdivided into five periods, the beginning that is the time before the English arrives, the old English period from (600 to 1100), the middle period from (1100 to 1500), the early modern period from (1500 to 1700) and the period of present-day English from 1700 untiltoday.

    The first is when the indo-european speakers arrived on the landmass now called England were probably the Celts, even though, historians do not know exactly the date of their arrival, but they were already on the British Isles several centuries before the birth of Christ. beginning in 55 before Christ, Julius Caesar the Roman Emperor made several attempts to invade Britain, but it was not before fifty after Christ that most of the land was under Roman domination, except for the northern part which remained unconquered. In 410 after Christ the Roman legions were withdrawn from Britain leaving chaos, the pits raided from the north and the Scots from Ireland while the Jutes and the Saxons attacked the Eastern coasts throughout the 5th and 6th Century.

    The second period is the old English period, which begins in the middle of the 5th century, with the coming of Germanic tribes to settle in England. When Germanic tribes invaded Britain, these tribes were the Saxons, the angles and the doots. Neertheless, linguistically the Old English period is generally defined as from 600 to 1100. After Christ's due to the strong Germanic and especially the strong Saxon influence in the Old English period with the invasion of England, it became more clear that the Germanic tribes  were separated from their fellows on the Continent, and among those groups there were differents dialects, which are purely geographical variants. For this reason, the Old English was synthetic with numerous gluten aiding tendencies, and it inherited most phonological and morphological properties from Germanic.

    The third period known as the Middle English begins with the conquest of England by Normans. After their success in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the end of this period is marked by the introduction of printing by William Caxton in 1476. The Norman Conquest brought massive changes to England's political and social structures and it had an enormous impact on the English language, after the Norman Conquest England had dramatic changes, such as an almost completed replacement of the English aristocracy, and lost its status and became the language of the lower classes especially among the nobility in literature law and in official documentation. It essentially disappeared as a written language. The year of 1204 marks the turning point when King John nicknamed John lack land lost his English possessions in France.

    The fourth period called the Early Modern Language, begins with the 16th century and is characterised by an expansion in vocabulary by borrowing from classical languages, and by the regularisation of English grammar.The early modern english period coincides with the ascendancy of Henry the eighth's to the throne in 1509. The end of the early modern English period is marked by the completion of the great vowel shift and the beginning of the scientific age at around 1700. English by the end of the Middle English period most of today's syntactic and morphological patterns had been established.

Lastly, the beginning of the present day English started by the end on the reign of Elizabeth I, in 1603, who was the daughter of Henri VIII. In this later period literature had boomed trough the works of Marlowe of Spencer, William Shakespeare, Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh. by about 1700, the English language differed only slightly from present-day. English is the most important language among the languages of the world. The English influences in the new world is often defined in terms of three concentric circles the inner circle refers to traditional historical and social linguistic origins of English, where it is used as a first or native language. The other circle includes countries colonized by Britain and the United States, where English is spoken as a second language.

Conclusion, Throughout history, English-speaking Britain was the leading colonial nation in the 17th and 18th Century, as well as the leader of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 18th Century; in the late 19th and 20th Century English is the third most commonly spoken language in the world today with upwards of 360 million, first language speakers, a further 375 million for whom English is a second language and many non-native speakers worldwide.  It is the language of international business now. English continues changing and developing, with hundreds of new words arriving every year. But even with all the borrowings from many other languages the heart of the English language remains the Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar of English is also distinctly Germanic.

The Rescue of Max

UNIT 9- NARRATIVE 1

          When I was a child my parents always said to me “Dogs are the most grateful being that exist.” And I always believe that it was right, but I never have proved it until yesterday.  

       The previous morning, my mother and I went to the super market; we were so busy with the shopping. I really wanted to get back home to cook the lunch, but my mother wanted to go to the pharmacy. While walking to that place, we were talking about the University and other things, but at the same time, I was focused to make all quickly to return at home. 

         Suddenly, my mother said to me, “Look at there,” she had an expression to have seen something devastating. Effectively, there was a dog in the middle of the street bleeding on the lower limbs. Apparently he has been knocked him down by a car. Both at the same time, we looked each other, and everyone knew what the meaning of that look was. Then, She said to me “Please Karla helped me to move it” I knew that She was planning to get it and save him. 

       Then, my mother asked me to call to my boyfriend to take the dog to the Veterinarian, because he need to have immediately a medical attention. In a few minutes later, my boyfriend arrived, and we took him to go to the Vet. In the way, I was so astonished to see that dog without any signal of aggression to us. Contrary to the reaction, I thought he had. In the way to the Vet, he seemed like he felt happy when he saw us, and he showed a big calm in the middle of the pain that obviously he had because of the knock.

       When we arrived to the Vet, he doctor said to us that he has been knock recently, and no only, the accident had affected to him, but also he has problem with the malnutrition because of the time to be in the road, but despite of it he had opportunity to recover again.

     After that, we were gone at home immediately to letting him rest and give him the medicines. Being at home my family received him with love and happiness, because they all love animals, specially dogs. They decided to name him Max and we adopted him and took care of it.

        Conclusion, Dogs are undefended and vulnerable animals, they need to human beings to live. They need care protection, food, house and love. They are living beigns and they have the same feeling that human, even yesterday I could realize that dogs are more grateful beings that humans, they loved humans even when they know that someone else has made them damage. They are better forgiving than humans are. 

The Childhood of the Past vs. the Childhood in the Present

UNIT 8– COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 4

            All things change as the time, the people, and the things. In the past did not exist neither the internet nor the video games. Even though not all people had a television at home, just who have money or professionals. Children used to spend time with their friends and enjoy their time speaking for hours.

             On the contrary, in the present the childhood is really different, the internet is the center of everything. Children do to play in the garden with other friends, they do not spend time talking in the street or practicing any sport. Nowadays, children have their own cellphone and their own videogames. They have a wide technological  knowledge, they grow up with a virtual and false life.

           In addition, in the past there was a true friendship, because people were closer than in the present, they thought that have many friends in Facebook, but in the real life they are alone.

         Conclusion, The childhood in the past was better than the childhood in the present, because now the technology have involved the time and even have separated children from parents.

The Education of El Salvador in The Past vs. The Education in The Present

UNIT 7– COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

   In the present most of the people can have the access to study a primary and secondary level. In contrast with the past that the education was an opportunity just for all those who could pay it. An important fact that affected the process of education it was that parents did not want their children went to the school, because it was more important to work the soil than study. People thought that the study was not necessary to live.

    However, in the present, all children have the opportunity to study, at least in El Salvador. The actual government give to the students what they need, almost the necessary to go the school as for example, food, shoes, uniforms, and scholar stools. Conversely with the past, that parents had to buy all thing that their children needed to study.

      In spite of that, the actual education in El Salvador have improved over the course of the time. In the present teacher are playing the role of moderators and not authoritarians. Students are able to build their own knowledge based on investigations and researches. Contrary with the past students received for part of teacher’s physical damage to learn.

    Conclusion, the education is better in the present. Students are free to learn and build their knowledge through the experimentation and researches without afraid of make mistakes. All children have to go the school, because in nowadays they have almost the necessary to do it.

Dogs Vs Cats

    UNIT 6– COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

               In the present most of the people, have these animals in their house, because are kind and loving. There are people that prefer to have dogs than cats because they have different kinds of personality than cats, studies have demonstrated that cats feel more than humans and other animals, and the most part of the time they are not too kindly.

In one hand, dogs are thankfully with people who take care of them and most if they have experienced some abuse of damage and have been rescued for someone else. Dogs are good friends with humans and children, they are able to feel pain when humans are suffering and happiness when humans are happy. They are good friends in the loneliness. On the other hand, cats are proud animals, they enjoy staying alone, they never share with any other animal, they like to spend time sleeping and eating. They are considerated as not too loving animals, and sometimes they can be dangerous and aggressive, but they are more wanted to old people living alone.

            Conclusion, both animals are kind to have at home, life is better with animals, they have been created to attending people and they act depending how people tech them to live. Dogs are not dangerous animals; all depend in how people use their potential and their capacity.

Compare and Constrast Techonoly Now and Before

          

UNIT 5– COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

                      In this modern world, it is hard to imagine living without the aid of technology. Some people say that technology has changed the world by making ones life easier and fun. From time to time, there are new technologies invented that helps in making life easier for most people, from communication, transportation, and even to entertainment.

              E-mails, cellphones, and internet are only few examples of technological improvements in communication. Back then, people were only able to send letters through mails, which we now call "snail mails", in order for them to send messages to their loved ones far away from home. In this modern era, we can now connect easily with our families and friends using cellphones and internet services by sending them messages through e-mail or SMS, which they are able to read and reply right away using these new inventions.

       In addition, cars, light-railway-trains, and airplanes are some of the innovations in transportation made by technology. These modern transports allow us to travel comfortably and quickly to our destinations all over the world. In the old age, transportation were only limited to horses and ships that took them days before they arrive in their respective destinations. With these innovations on transportation, people are now able to visit different places throughout the world.

            Moreover, the source of entertainment were limited to radios and poor quality movie played on theaters. Nowadays, people are able to listen to their favorite songs over and over again through their handy ipods and cellphones. Movies can now be viewed not only on theaters but also to our homes with high quality definitions, which make the scenes more real and entertaining.

            To sum up, there are numerous benefits brought by technology in humanity. The incessant innovations made in technology seem to improve the lives of people in many different ways.

What are the Causes Why People Emigrate from El Salvador to the Unites States?

 UNIT 4- CAUSE AND EFFECT

 

             Immigration appears to be a common solution to many economics and social problems in sub-developed countries. This kind of solution could be caused by different situations into the Salvadorian families, one of them is the violence, affecting to the most part of youths especial men, another situation is the economic fact, it is difficult to find a job, even though being professional. All these problems affect to all people. The statistics of economy show that the most part of Salvadorians subsist because of the shipment.

          One of the principal causes of immigration is the lack of job. Many professional people spend a long time without find an opportunity to develop in their professional area, and that answer the question how much it will be to all those who do not have an academic level? The high studies could result until impossible to pay to many youth. Economic problems is one of the reason why people immigrate to The Unites States, because they assure they are going to find a job quickly and will have a better life there.

          The effects of this decision are important to analyze before to take a decision, because that means letting your family to immigrate to other country in which people could have many illegal problems to work, and in the present, the immigration is the principal problems in The Unites States, the result of this could be the separation between parents and children.

          Another cause of immigration are social problems, this include violence, this situation affect in a considerable way to men youth, people live with fear to die because of the violence in El Salvador, even worker cannot sell in some places in the country because of the situation.

          The effects of immigrate because of the violence results to be difficult, because this means that both as children as parents have to adaptate to a new county, a new language, and a new culture. The consequence of this situation affects in an emotional way to children that have their life and friends in El Salvador.

           Conclusion, Immigration is not always a solution to the problems before mention, before to take an important decision as this, people have to think over the consequences and effects about the topic. To live in the Unites States could be good for many people, but others could have many problems and at the end the most affected are the children. If any family want to immigrate, it is commended to travel in a legal way. and do not expound to the family in a traumatic experience.

Whar are the Principal Damages in Children Living in Compound Families?

 

 UNIT 3- CAUSE AND EFFECT

 


Compound families is a couple with their own children, when they decide to live together, the children of everyone have to learn to live together and respect each other’s, but in this kind of relationship can surge a lot of problems with the fact of accepting others as brothers and try to have a good relationship with them, the before mentioned is according to the children, but on the other hand, it is the relationship, care of love to the sons of the other person as a couple. Moreover, the most part of this couple living in this kind of families, affirm that it is really difficult maintain the same care of affection to the sons of the other persons, because even it is difficult tray to have a good relationship with them.

          The principal damage in children living in compound families is the fact emotional changes, because they have to adapt their lives with the rhythm of other family as well. In addiction, they have to share their lives with others children, living in the same house, eating the same food, and share the same things. The emotional changes begins in the moment that they parents decide to start a new relationship, this fact can contribute to a feeling of loneliness and separation with their own father o mother depending of the person whom they are living. Sometimes they parents force to children to love to the new mother or father in the most part of the time, and that produces in children an frustration, because they spend a long time to take affection to the other person.


          Another damage in is produced to the lack of confidence in parents to children. Some of this problems are produced because parents believe more in their couples than in their own children. The most part of cases of violation is produced in the family in this kind of families, because mothers trust in letting their children in care of a strange person, and when their children tell them what have happened with their couple, they think that they say that because they hate to the mate of the mother, and the most part of these cases are never resolved. So this situation leads to the children to grow up feeling undefended and with low self-esteem.


          Conclusion, how these damages could be avoided? Firstly, parents have to maintain a good relationship with their children. Parents have to put their children firstly that their couples, because they can run away in sometime, but their children going to be their children all life, and the most important, parents have to listen them and believe them what they tell, because in that way the family is going to work well.

Consumer Behavior

UNIT 2– CAUSE AND EFFECT 2

 

          Consumer’s buying habits can be influenced by their moods and emotions, or by how they feel physically. For instance, consumers may shop differently at different times because of how the feel; People can spend more than they have when they are anxious, or when they are sad. Some of these buys are not necessary, but that make a big influence depending of the weather or the news.

          As a result of the stores or restaurants manager might play relaxing music, so that consumers will take their time shopping or eating. Consumers may not be aware of the effects these factors have on them, they may spend more than they intended in stores and restaurants with an atmosphere they find attractive.

         In addition, when children see an item or a food on TV in an advertisements that targets them, the result may be that they have strong interest in that product, and the effect on parents will be buy what they children want. The ads are not only in the TV but also in the internet, because people spend the most part of their time in the web or social networks; that means that the results of online shopping are numerous; it has had a big effect on consumer and business, and as a result people have big economic problems.

       Conclusion, it is important to be aware of the effect an auction can have in the interest of the people, and be conscious about what are the things you really have to buy, and stop to buy when you feel anxious or sad, save money whenever you can. Don not waster your money in things you do not need.

The Principal Cause of Deforestation and Pollution in the World

UNIT 1- ESSAY CAUSE AND EFFECT

 

               Deforestation and Pollution are considered as two of the most important topic in the present, most of the animals living in in the oceans are dead because of the factories wastes, and plastic, whereas others animals loss theirs houses and die of starve because of the burning of trees.

               The primary cause of deforestation is the lack of consciousness. This begins in the family, from parents to children. The most part of people do not worry about the environment, because in this moment, they are not being affected directly, but probably in a near future the will. Consequently, people participate in a process of deforestation when they buy things made of wood knowing that many trees have been cut. In addiction, parents have to teach to their children the necessity to sow more trees, even in their garden, in this way they are going to grow up with this mentality.

              Consequently, this lack of consciousness to the planet, is the result of pollution as well, because the most part of people consume products that produce big changes in the ozone layer and the air. For this reason, many people and animals death diary, even though there are countries like Chine, where people have to use mask to breath or in the worse other cases an oxygen mask. How much the polar bears and other animals that live in zone of the Antarctica.

               The secondary cause of deforestation is the love to money, because people know that starving forest produce the loss of houses of many animals and even though they most part of them died because of the lack of food, due to the burning of trees. This action is illegal in many zones of the world like the Amazon, but people always do this.

                The cause of pollution is the factories wastes, and plastic that are threw out in the oceans and rivers, which produce the death of many animals, and contamination of water. Even though, most of the seafood is damaged and can produce in humans many diseases if they are not cooked well. In the presence, people have to buy the pure water, because the drinkable water is polluted.